Here's something we came up with to help you consider which chart to use. It was inspired by the table in Gene Zelazny's classic work Saying It With Charts (p. 27 in the 4th. ed)
January 14, 2015 update: Check out the Slide Chooser.
September 15, 2020 update: This Chart Suggestions graphic and the Slide Chooser are part of the Extreme Presentation method for presenting complex information. Click here to learn more about the Extreme Presentation method online course.
